La Ley de Ajuste Cubano después de la Guerra Fría / The Cuban Adjustment Act after the end of the Cold War
Resumen
El siguiente trabajo se propuso evaluar factores
determinantes de la permanencia de la Ley de
Ajuste Cubano (LAC) después del fin de la Guerra
Fría, mediante el análisis del comportamiento de
diferentes aspectos de la política doméstica estadounidense
durante los sucesivos gobiernos. Se
verificó que durante el Gobierno de Bill Clinton
dicha ley se entrelazó con el bloqueo, normativa
y políticamente, a partir de su connotación ideológica
para las relaciones bilaterales, a pesar de su
incompatibilidad con la legislación inmigratoria
estadounidense. Sectores conservadores liderados
por políticos de origen cubano, fundamentalmente
del estado de la Florida, contribuyeron a la reafirmación
de su vigencia a lo largo del Gobierno de
George W. Bush. Además, desempeñaron un papel
preponderante en el condicionamiento de las percepciones
públicas sobre las contradicciones de la
LAC, agudizadas después del inicio del proceso de
normalización de las relaciones con Cuba, y como
resultado de presiones electorales y asociadas al
incremento de la emigración irregular cubana, a
fin de protegerla contra su posible derogación. La
terminación de la política de «pies secos-pies mojados
» redujo sustantivamente el universo de personas
elegibles para la LAC y erosionó su racionalidad.
Pero en ausencia de las condiciones objetivas
que propiciaron el referido cuestionamiento, no se
han registrado esfuerzos por eliminarla, lo cual refleja
consenso sobre su mantenimiento.
This work is aimed at evaluating determining factors
of the permanence of the Cuban Adjustment Act
(CAA) after the end of the Cold War, by analyzing the
behavior of different aspects of US domestic policy
during successive governments. It was verified that
during the Bill Clinton Administration, this law was
intertwined with the blockade both normatively and
politically, due to its ideological connotation for bilateral
relations, despite its incompatibility with US
immigration legislation. Conservative sectors led by
Cuban- origin politicians, mainly from Florida, contributed
to the reaffirmation of its validity during
George W. Bush Government. In addition, in order to
protect it against being repealed, they played a leading
role in conditioning public perceptions on the
CAA contradictions, exacerbated after the beginning
of the US-Cuba normalization, and as a result of electoral
pressures in association with increasing irregular
Cuban migration. The ending of the “wet foot-dry
foot policy” substantively reduced the number of migrants
potentially eligible under the CAA, eroding its
rationality. But, absent the objective conditions that
led to the aforementioned questioning, there have
been no efforts to eliminate it, which reflects a consensus
about its being kept.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
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